Publications

Working papers

AIMoralityCulture Voudouris, K.*, Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Buhl, M., Irving, G., & Summerfield, C. AI alignment is a human problem.
Morality Le Pargneux, A.*, Roberts-Gaal, X.*, & Cushman, F. A. Hard bargains and even splits: Fairness judgments track bargaining power across diverse cultures. Under invited revision at the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
AI Zhou Hong, S., Kleinman, A., Mathiowetz, A., Howes, A., Cohen, J., Ganta, S., Letizia, A., Liao, D., Pahari, D., Roberts-Gaal, X., Righetti, L., & Torres, J. (2026). Measuring mid-2025 LLM-assistance on novice performance in biology.
Morality Law, K. F., …, Roberts-Gaal, X., …, & Syropoulos, S. (2026). Social discounting outpredicts temporal discounting in intergenerational judgment: A many labs investigation.
MoralityCulture Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Le Pargneux, A.*, Mungunda, M., Tjikuvua, P., Fredrik, C., Hartley, V., Cushman, F. A., Kroupin, I., & Davis, H. Moral judgment and proportional contribution in a small-scale society.
AI Roberts-Gaal, X., Williams, T., Turner, J. M., Mykhailiuk, J., Wisdom, S., Duus, E., Wei, K., & Kolt, N. Managing multi-agent AI risks: Lessons from energy infrastructure and financial markets.
Culture Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Zeng, T. C.*, Mungunda, M., Tjikuvua, P., Fredrik, C., Hartley, V., Henrich, J., Cushman, F. A., Kroupin, I., & Davis, H. Model-free and model-based control beyond WEIRD.
AI Paskov, P.*, Wei, K.*, Hong, S. Z., Bateyko, D., Ezell, C., Roberts-Gaal, X., Guest, E. M., & Bhatt, E. RCTs & human uplift studies: Methodological challenges and practical solutions for frontier AI evaluation. Under review at AI Ethics and Society 2026.
AI Voudouris, K., Roberts-Gaal, X., Bramley, N., Sucholutsky, I., & Summerfield, C. The Cognitive Science of AI Alignment.

Published papers

Culture Roberts-Gaal, X., Bolic, M., & Cushman, F. A. (2025). Environmental variability shapes the representational format of cultural learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(28).
Woodley, L.*, Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Calcott, R.*, & Cushman, F. A. (2026). Experimenter demand effects in online psychology experiments. In press at Open Mind.
AI Ezell, C., Roberts-Gaal, X., & Chan, A. (2025). Incident Analysis for AI Agents. Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 8(1), 865–878.
AI Wei, K.*, Paskov, P.*, Dev, S.*, Byun, M.*, Reuel, A., Roberts-Gaal, X., Calcott, R., Coxon, E., & Deshpande, C. (2025). Position: Human baselines in model evaluations need rigor and transparency (with recommendations & reporting checklist). International Conference on Machine Learning (spotlight poster). data & checklist
AI Wei, K., Paskov, P., Dev, S., Byun, M., Reuel, A., Roberts-Gaal, X., Calcott, R., Coxon, E., & Deshpande, C. (2025). Model evaluations need rigorous and transparent human baselines. ICLR Workshop on Building Trust in Language Models and Applications.
Morality Roberts-Gaal, X., Le Pargneux, A., & Cushman, F. A. (2025). How the logic of bargaining shapes moral judgments about resource divisions. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 47.
Culture Levy, A., Roberts-Gaal, X., & Cushman, F. A. (2025). No evidence for cost-benefit arbitration between social learning strategies. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 47.
Culture Roberts-Gaal, X., & Cushman, F. A. (2023). Computational principles underlying the evolution of cultural learning mechanisms. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 45. Talk given at CogSci 2023, Sydney (slides).
Cuve, H. C., Stojanov, J., Roberts-Gaal, X., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2021). Validation of Gazepoint low-cost eye-tracking and psychophysiology bundle. Behavior Research Methods, 54, 1027–1049.