Publications

Representative papers

Culture Roberts-Gaal, X., Bolic, M., & Cushman, F. A. (2025). Environmental variability shapes the representational format of cultural learning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(28).
AIMoralityCulture Voudouris, K.*, Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Buhl, M., Irving, G., & Summerfield, C. AI alignment is a human problem.
Morality Le Pargneux, A.*, Roberts-Gaal, X.*, & Cushman, F. A. Hard bargains and even splits: Fairness judgments track bargaining power across diverse cultures. Under review at Nature Communications.

Working and in-prep papers

AI Zhou Hong, S., Kleinman, A., Mathiowetz, A., Howes, A., Cohen, J., Ganta, S., Letizia, A., Liao, D., Pahari, D., Roberts-Gaal, X., Righetti, L., & Torres, J. (2026). Measuring mid-2025 LLM-assistance on novice performance in biology.
Morality Law, K. F., …, Roberts-Gaal, X., …, & Syropoulos, S. (2026). Social discounting outpredicts temporal discounting in intergenerational judgment: A many labs investigation.
MoralityCulture Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Le Pargneux, A.*, Mungunda, M., Tjikuvua, P., Fredrik, C., Hartley, V., Cushman, F. A., Kroupin, I., & Davis, H. Moral judgment and proportional contribution in a small-scale society.
AI Roberts-Gaal, X., Williams, T., Turner, J. M., Mykhailiuk, J., Wisdom, S., Duus, E., Wei, K., & Kolt, N. Managing multi-agent AI risks: Lessons from energy infrastructure and financial markets.
Culture Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Zeng, T. C.*, Mungunda, M., Tjikuvua, P., Fredrik, C., Hartley, V., Henrich, J., Cushman, F. A., Kroupin, I., & Davis, H. Model-free and model-based control beyond WEIRD.
AI Paskov, P.*, Wei, K.*, Hong, S. Z., Bateyko, D., Ezell, C., Roberts-Gaal, X., Guest, E. M., & Bhatt, E. RCTs & human uplift studies: Methodological challenges and practical solutions for frontier AI evaluation. Under review at AI Ethics and Society 2026.

Published papers

Woodley, L.*, Roberts-Gaal, X.*, Calcott, R.*, & Cushman, F. A. (2026). No evidence of experimenter demand effects in three online psychology experiments. Open Mind, 10, 998–1016.
Culture Roberts-Gaal, X., Callaway, F., & Cushman, F. A. (2026). Ratchet or hatchet? Modeling the cultural evolution of simplified construals. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 48.
AI Ezell, C., Roberts-Gaal, X., & Chan, A. (2025). Incident Analysis for AI Agents. Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 8(1), 865–878.
AI Wei, K.*, Paskov, P.*, Dev, S.*, Byun, M.*, Reuel, A., Roberts-Gaal, X., Calcott, R., Coxon, E., & Deshpande, C. (2025). Position: Human baselines in model evaluations need rigor and transparency (with recommendations & reporting checklist). International Conference on Machine Learning (spotlight poster). data & checklist
AI Wei, K., Paskov, P., Dev, S., Byun, M., Reuel, A., Roberts-Gaal, X., Calcott, R., Coxon, E., & Deshpande, C. (2025). Model evaluations need rigorous and transparent human baselines. ICLR Workshop on Building Trust in Language Models and Applications.
Morality Roberts-Gaal, X., Le Pargneux, A., & Cushman, F. A. (2025). How the logic of bargaining shapes moral judgments about resource divisions. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 47.
Culture Levy, A., Roberts-Gaal, X., & Cushman, F. A. (2025). No evidence for cost-benefit arbitration between social learning strategies. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 47.
Culture Roberts-Gaal, X., & Cushman, F. A. (2023). Computational principles underlying the evolution of cultural learning mechanisms. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 45. Talk given at CogSci 2023, Sydney (slides).
Cuve, H. C., Stojanov, J., Roberts-Gaal, X., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2021). Validation of Gazepoint low-cost eye-tracking and psychophysiology bundle. Behavior Research Methods, 54, 1027–1049.